{"id":320,"date":"2016-06-17T00:20:16","date_gmt":"2016-06-17T00:20:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/?p=320"},"modified":"2025-01-09T22:56:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T22:56:04","slug":"glmmgamm%e3%81%ae%e6%96%87%e7%8c%ae%e6%a1%88%e5%86%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/?p=320","title":{"rendered":"GLMM\/GA(M)M\u306e\u6587\u732e\u6848\u5185"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5148\u65e5\u7d39\u4ecb<\/a>\u3057\u305fLL\u8ad6\u6587<\/a>\u306f\u8a9e\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u305f\u304f\u3066\u3082\u66f8\u3051\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3084\u524a\u3089\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u7b87\u6240\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306fOnline Supporting Document<\/a>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u516c\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001Online Supporting Document\u306b\u3059\u3089\u6b8b\u3055\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u732e\u6848\u5185\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GLMM\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u65e2\u306b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u6587\u732e\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u30fb\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u554f\u308f\u305a\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GAM\uff09\u30fb\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GAMM\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6587\u732e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5c02\u9580\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u6577\u5c45\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304cGA(M)M\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u969b\u306b\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308b\u6587\u732e\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068\u79c1\u304cLL\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6587\u732e\uff09\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u6709\u76ca\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u8a9e\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u5c40\u306fLL\u8ad6\u6587\u304b\u3089\u5168\u3066\u524a\u3089\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Due to space limitations, this paper was not able to discuss many issues that are worth discussing in relation to GLMMs, GAMs, and GAMMs. These include the details of estimation procedure such as the choice of optimizers for GLMMs, the issue of calculating p<\/em>-values in all of the three models, equivalent measures to R2<\/sup>, and, in particular, model diagnostics. For further details and\/or practical tutorials, readers are referred to Bolker et al. (2009), Baayen (2008), Baayen et al. (2008), and Gelman and Hill (2007) for GLMMs. There is less accessible literature on GA(M)Ms, but James et al. (2013), Hastie et al. (2009), Zuur et al. (2009), Baayen (in preparation, Chapter 8) and Wieling (2014) should be helpful. The documentation of the mgcv packages in R (Wood, 2014) and some of the slides on the developer’s website1<\/a><\/sup> are also good resources. Readers are also welcome to look at the author’s R codes on IRIS [\u6ce8: \u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306bIRIS\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304fOSF\u306bR\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u7b49\u306f\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u2192\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\u307e\u305a\u306f\u4e0a\u3067\u6319\u3052\u305fGLMM\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u9806\u306b\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nBolker, B. M., Brooks, M. E., Clark, C. J., Geange, S. W., Poulsen, J. R., Stevens, M. H. H., & White, J.-S. S. (2009). Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24<\/em>(3), 127\u201335. doi:10.1016\/j.tree.2008.10.008<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u3067\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308blme4\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8<\/a>\u306e\u958b\u767a\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308bBen Bolker\u6c0f\u304c\u7b46\u982d\u8457\u8005\u3092\u52d9\u3081\u308b\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u63a8\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5dee\u7570\u3084\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u306e\u7b97\u51fa\u65b9\u6cd5\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3084\u3084\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5404\u7a2e\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u3084R\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u9593\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u6570\u5f0f\u7b49\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001LL\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u52a9\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nBaayen, R. H. (2008). Analyzing linguistic data: A practical introduction to statistics using R<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a00\u308f\u305a\u3068\u77e5\u308c\u305f\u8a00\u8a9e\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u540d\u8457\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5411\u3051\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7279\u306b6-7\u7ae0\u306f\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3067\u3001\u201cintroduction to statistics”\u306b\u306f\u201cfor those who have been mathematically trained”\u306a\u3069\u306e\u53e5\u304c\u96a0\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5237\u304c\u3053\u3053<\/a>\u3067\u7121\u511f\u3067\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8fd1\u3005GA(M)M\u306e\u7ae0\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u305f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u3068\u805e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nBaayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language, 59<\/em>(4), 390\u2013412. doi: 10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u304c\u5e83\u307e\u308b\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u306b\u306f\u4e0a\u63b2\u66f8\u306e\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u7ae0\u3068\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u306fJML\u306b\u3053\u306e10\u5e74\u9593\u306b\u51fa\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3001\u6700\u3082\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u3082JML\u306e\u300c\u904e\u53bb90\u65e5\u9593\u306b\u6700\u3082\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u6587<\/a>\u300d\u306e\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u3059\u3002\u56e0\u307f\u306b\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u540c\u30e9\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u306e2\u4f4d\u306eBarr, Levy, Scheepers, and Tily (2013)<\/a>\u3082\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u3001\u5909\u91cf\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u306f\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u9650\u308a\u591a\u304f\u306erandom intercept\u3068random slope\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\uff08maximal model\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3079\u304d\uff09\u3060\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306fBaayen\u6c0f\u3089\u304c\u53cd\u8ad6\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u3084\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u3084\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\uff09\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u306eBaayen\u6c0f\u3089\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u3082\u7591\u554f\u304c\u5448\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff08\u3053\u308c<\/a>\u3084\u3053\u308c<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u3082\u6c7a\u7740\u306e\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nGelman, A., & Hill, J. (2007). Data analysis using regression and multilevel\/hierarchical models<\/em>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d9\u30a4\u30ba\u7d71\u8a08\u306e\u5927\u5bb6\u3067Stan<\/a>\u306e\u958b\u767a\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308bAndrew Gelman\u6c0f\u306b\u3088\u308b\u56de\u5e30\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u66f8\u7c4d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u306f\u4e00\u90e8\u3057\u304b\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5148\u8ff0\u3057\u305fBarr et al. (2013)\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u3082maximal model\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3082\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff08\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5f8c\u7d9a\u672c\uff09\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u3088\u3046<\/a>\u30672<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u306f\u4e8c\u5dfb\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306bStan\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u4ed8\u304f\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\u7d9a\u3044\u3066GA(M)M\u306e\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nHastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. (2009). The elements of statistical learning: Datamining, inference, and prediction (second edition)<\/em>. New York, NY: Springer.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u518a\u4e38\u3054\u3068\u7121\u6599\u3067\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u90a6\u8a33<\/a>\u3082\u51fa\u7248\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u306a\u6587\u732e\u3067\u3001\u8457\u8005\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4e8c\u540d\uff08Hastie\u3068Tibshirani\uff09\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u63d0\u5531\u8005\u3067\u3059\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u306f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u5411\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6570\u5f0f\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u8aad\u307f\u89e3\u304f\u306e\u306f\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u30c6\u30f3\u30bd\u30eb\u7a4d(tensor product)\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5e73\u6ed1\u5316\u30b9\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6271\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u30fb\u6709\u7528\u306a\u304c\u3089\u4ed6\u66f8\u306b\u306f\u8f09\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u4e8b\u9805\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8aac\u660e\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nJames, G., Witten, D., Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (2013). An introduction to statistical learning: With applications in R<\/em>. New York, NY: Springer.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u518a\u4e38\u3054\u3068\u7121\u6599\u3067\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u3084\u305d\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u8a18Hastie et al. (2009)\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3089\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08\uff1d\u975e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\uff09\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6570\u5f0f\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u3044\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6271\u3063\u305f\u6587\u732e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u8aad\u3080\u306e\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u306a\u90e8\u985e\u306b\u5165\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5e73\u6ed1\u5316\u30b9\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306b\u306f\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nZuur, A. F., Ieno, E. N., Walker, N. J., Saveliev, A. A., & Smith, G. M. (2009). Mixed effects models and extensions in ecology with R<\/em>. New York, NY: Springer.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u751f\u614b\u5b66\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u306e\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3084\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u304c\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0a\u8a18\u306eJames et al. (2013)\u3088\u308a\u3082\u66f4\u306b\u8aad\u307f\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u307e\u305fR\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3082\u591a\u304f\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u5834\u5408\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u3081\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u66f8\u7c4d\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u672c\u66f8\u3092\u9664\u304d\u79c1\u306f\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u6271\u3044\u65b9\u306fBaayen\u6c0f\u3089\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3068\u306f\u9055\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u70b9\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u6ce8\u610f\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nWieling (2014)\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9<\/a>\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u304c\u3053\u3053<\/a>\u306b\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u4e0a\u306b\u968f\u6642\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff09\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u3061\u3089\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u826f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u304cLL\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\uff08\u6df7\u5408\uff09\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5206\u6790\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u516c\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6587\u732e\u30fb\u8cc7\u6599\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304c\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3092\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u6570\u5f0f\u306f\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u70b9\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3044\u3066\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u76f8\u5f53\u306b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u70b9\u3001R\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\uff08\u6df7\u5408\uff09\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u9593\u9055\u3044\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u60dc\u3057\u3080\u3089\u304f\u306f\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5341\u5206\u306b\u7d30\u90e8\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u70b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5148\u8ff0\u3057\u305fBaayen (2008)\u306e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u3092\u5f85\u3061\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\u6700\u5f8c\u306fR\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u3088\u304f\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308bmgcv\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u958b\u767a\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001Simon Wood\u6c0f\u306e\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6c0f\u306f\u6700\u8fd1\u30d0\u30fc\u30b9\u5927\u5b66\u304b\u3089\u30d6\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u30eb\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u79fb\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4f34\u3044\u6c0f\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306eURL\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308a\u3001\u79c1\u304cLL\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u6b04\u306b\u8a18\u3057\u305f\u95a2\u9023URL\u306f\u65e2\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u3089\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002mgcv\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u3053\u3053<\/a>\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6c0f\u306f\u7d71\u8a08\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3059\u306e\u3067\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u5c02\u9580\u6027\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u9ad8\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u306f\u7d30\u90e8\u306f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057R\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3069\u3053\u308d\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u8aac\u660e\u3082\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u3056\u3063\u3068\u773a\u3081\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30b9\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3068\u306f\u5225\u8cc7\u6599\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001mgcv\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u30d8\u30eb\u30d7\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb<\/a>\u3082\u5927\u5909\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u90e8\u5185\u306eWood (2014)\u306f\u30d8\u30eb\u30d7\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c?summary.gam\u300d\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u306f\u3001p\u5024\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u8a18\u8ff0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. http:\/\/people.bath.ac.uk\/sw283\/mgcv\/<\/a> \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u305f\u3060\u3057\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/a>\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u9650\u308a\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u306f\u51fa\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5148\u65e5\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305fLL\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u8a9e\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u3001\u66f8\u304d\u305f\u304f\u3066\u3082\u66f8\u3051\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3084\u524a\u3089\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u7b87\u6240\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306fOnline Supporting Document\u3068\u3057\u3066\u516c\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u524a\u9664\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u3001Online Supporting Document\u306b\u3059\u3089\u6b8b\u3055\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u7b87\u6240\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u732e\u6848\u5185\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u6df7\u5408\u52b9\u679c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GLMM\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u65e2\u306b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u6587\u732e\u304c\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u30fb\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u554f\u308f\u305a\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GAM\uff09\u30fb\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u52a0\u6cd5\u6df7\u5408\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\uff08GAMM\uff09\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6587\u732e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5c02\u9580\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u6577\u5c45\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8a00\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304cGA(M)M\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u969b\u306b\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308b\u6587\u732e\uff08\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068\u79c1\u304cLL\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u306b\u5f53\u305f\u308a\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6587\u732e\uff09\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u6709\u76ca\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u8a9e\u6570\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u304b\u3089\u7d50\u5c40\u306fLL\u8ad6\u6587\u304b\u3089\u5168\u3066\u524a\u3089\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u305d\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u524a\u9664\u3057\u305f\u6bb5\u843d\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 Due to space limitations, this paper was not able to discuss many issues that are worth discussing in relation to GLMMs, GAMs, and GAMMs. These include the details of estimation procedure such as the choice of optimizers for GLMMs, the issue of calculating p-values in all of the three […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"http:\/\/people.bath.ac.uk\/sw283\/mgcv\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"3f92331d-a5be-42ee-8b72-46e2698d3e80\"},{\"content\":\"\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/a>\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u9650\u308a\u3001\u3082\u3046\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u306f\u51fa\u306a\u3055\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\",\"id\":\"09e4a37c-fde3-4ae3-b82d-dc4294d1e90a\"}]"},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=320"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1060,"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/320\/revisions\/1060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akira-murakami.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}